Tutorial of RESTful APIs with Express.js and TypeScript

This is a tutorial about how to build RESTful APIs with Express.js and TypeScript.

🚕 Prepare Node env on macOS

If you don’t have a development environment for Node.js, I recommend installing nvm. If you are interested, please see my post nvm: Node Version Manager .

🎉 Install TypeScript

Before we get started, we should install TypeScript and TypeScript Node:

yarn global add typescript ts-node # npm install -g typescript ts-node

🎃 Initiate a Project

Create a project folder and initiate the npm project.

# Create a folder and change directory to the folder
mkdir nodejs-api-project & cd nodejs-api-project

# Initiate npm configuration
yarn init # npm init

🐝 Install Express

Install Express.js and dependencies.

yarn add @types/express express body-parser # npm install --save @types/express express body-parser

yarn add --dev nodemon typescript ts-node # npm install --save-dev nodemon typescript ts-node

🚜 Configure TypeScript

Create tsconfig.json file.

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "module": "commonjs",
    "moduleResolution": "node",
    "pretty": true,
    "sourceMap": true,
    "target": "es6",
    "lib": ["dom", "esnext"],
    "outDir": "./dist",
    "baseUrl": "./src",
    "alwaysStrict": true
  },
  "include": ["src/**/*.ts"],
  "exclude": ["node_modules"]
}

🚌 Create source and dist folders

Create a folder to put TypeScript files. You will put your TypeScript files.

mkdir src

😸 Configure nodemon

Create nodemon.json file.

{
  "watch": ["src"],
  "ext": "ts",
  "ignore": ["src/**/*.spec.ts"],
  "exec": "ts-node ./src/server.ts"
}

🐡 Edit script configuration in package.json

Edit package.json file to add script configuration.

"scripts": {
    "build": "tsc",
    "dev": "nodemon -L",        
    "start": "node ./dist/server.js"
}

🎂 Create base Express code

Create src/app.ts file.

import * as express from "express";
import * as bodyParser from "body-parser";

class App {
  public app: express.Application;

  constructor() {
    this.app = express();
    this.config();
  }

  private config(): void {
    // support application/json
    this.app.use(bodyParser.json());
    //support application/x-www-form-urlencoded post data
    this.app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }));
  }
}

export default new App().app;

Additionally, generate src/server.ts.

import app from "./app";
const PORT = 3000;

app.listen(PORT, () => {
  console.log("Express server listening on port " + PORT);
});

So, for your development, you can run a dev server by the following command:

yarn dev

🗻 Create routing file

Create src/routes folder and add src/routes/MainRoutes.ts file.

import { Request, Response } from "express";

export class MainController {
  public root(req: Request, res: Response) {
    res.status(200).send({
      message: "GET request successful!!"
    });
  }
}

export const mainController = new MainController();

After then, you should create src/controllers and add src/controllers/MainController.ts file.

import * as express from "express";
import { mainController } from "../controllers/MainController";

class MainRoutes {
  public router: express.Router = express.Router();

  constructor() {
    this.config();
  }

  private config(): void {
    this.router.get("/", (req: express.Request, res: express.Response) =>
      mainController.root(req, res)
    );
  }
}

export const mainRoutes = new MainRoutes().router;

After creating the route file, we need to import it to src/app.ts:

import * as express from "express";
import * as bodyParser from "body-parser";
import { mainRoutes } from "./routes/MainRoutes";

class App {
  public app: express.Application;

  constructor() {
    this.app = express();
    this.config();
  }

  private config(): void {
    // support application/json
    this.app.use(bodyParser.json());
    //support application/x-www-form-urlencoded post data
    this.app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }));
    // Routing
    this.app.use("/", mainRoutes);
  }
}

export default new App().app;

Now you can see the result in Browser (http://localhost:3000).

🐹 [Appendix] Dockerfile

This is Dockerfile for TypeScript & Express.js.

🏀 Development

FROM node

# Create app directory
RUN mkdir /app
WORKDIR /app

# Install app dependencies
COPY package.json ./
COPY yarn.lock ./

# Install libraries
RUN yarn && yarn global add typescript ts-node

# Bundle app source
COPY . .

# Build dist folder
RUN yarn build

EXPOSE 4000
CMD [ "yarn", "start" ]

😼 [Appendix] Basic Authentication

basic-auth-connect supports basic authentication in Express v4 apps.

Please run the following command:

Installation

yarn add basic-auth-connect

Configuration

Add following code:

import * as basicAuth from 'basic-auth-connect';

const app = express();
if (process.env.BASIC_AUTH_USER || process.env.BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD) {
  app.all(
    "/*",
    basicAuth(function(user, password) {
      return (
        user === process.env.BASIC_AUTH_USER &&
        password === process.env.BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD
      );
    })
  );
}

After then, if you provide BASIC_AUTH_USER and BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD environment variable, you can use basic authentication in Express app.

😀 References

• https://itnext.io/building-restful-web-apis-with-node-js-express-mongodb-and-typescript-part-1-2-195bdaf129cf\
• https://qiita.com/R-STYLE/items/6afd4aab417f973de961

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